During the lesson, first, an analysis was conducted of the European and national measures that refer to the approach One Health (OH). The texts examined include both acts of soft law and of hard law And, particularly in the latter, it was observed how the term OH appears with increasing frequency. This demonstrates how this approach, from being merely a tool for policy, is progressively assuming the nature of a positive law instrument.
After examining the European framework — with particular attention to Regulation (EU) 2021/522 concerning the European Pharmaceutical Strategy — the analysis focused on the national legal context. From the national regulatory landscape, there emerged not only an increasing presence of the OH approach within binding law (as evidenced by Ministerial Decree No. 77/2022 and Legislative Decree No. 36/2022), but also its inclusion in the Italian Constitution. Indeed, with the 2022 constitutional reform, the foundational pillars of the One Health paradigm were introduced into the Constitutional Charter.
In conclusion, the issue of the persistent discrepancy, particularly evident in the Italian context, between the One Health approach and Planetary Health, two related but not overlapping paradigms, was addressed.